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The mesosphere begins at about 50 km
and extends up to about 90 km. The mesosphere is the coldest region in the
Earth's atmosphere, with temperatures reaching as low as 120 K at the
summer mesopause. Above the mesopause temperatures begin to rise in the atmospheric
region known as the thermosphere, which extends for several thousand
kilometres. Also, above about 70 km the atmosphere contains significant
concentrations of ions and electrons, due to energetic solar photons
colliding with atoms and molecules and ionizing them. This region is known
as the ionosphere.
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